Value date calculation logic during automatic payment process (APP)

Assumption: Reader is aware of basic "Automatic Payment Process" concepts.

Most of us are familiar with online banking transactions. There would be thousands of bank transactions happening 24/7. Did you ever think, how does payment reaches a bank/payee, if it is done on a bank holiday or on a Sunday (Global holiday in most of the countries)? Usually banks refer to value date while making  a payment to payee instead of transaction date. In case of real time transfers, value date and transaction date are same. In case of payments with say check, value date may be in future as well. Aligning this kind of requirement to SAP, usually payments are handled in SAP through automatic payment program (F110) or manual payments (F111). To understand the complete process in a better manner, first we need to understand few terminology used in payment process.

Payment media: This is the means of communicating the payment related information to bank. This would have information like payee details, bank account, amount to be paid etc.

Basics of Standard Costing - Understanding overhead cost flow-Part 4

This is in continuous of my other document of understanding Standard Costing and its flows.
Basics of Standard Costing - Understanding the Cost Component Structure-Part 3
Overhead costs are costs which can only indirectly be attributed to the product, such as electricity or general storage costs. We can allocate these overhead costs in various ways: Here I have discussed about overhead calculation through costing sheet. This is a beginner's guide to understand the costing Sheet.

Overhead application
In the conventional method, overhead is applied to the reference object as a percentage rate or a quantity-based rate. The overhead is applied by means of costing sheets. The very purpose of using a cost sheet is that we want to apply indirect costs to the final cost of the product or process. Costs that cannot be assigned to the product cost collector directly can be allocated by determining the overhead expenses and applying them to the cost collector. Overhead costing is the means by which we allocate indirect costs to the appropriate objects.
The costing sheet links all the functions of overhead calculation. The direct costs to which overhead is applied (calculation base),The conditions under which overhead is applied (dependency),Whether overhead is allocated on a percentage basis or on a quantity basis, The amount of the overhead percentage, or the amount of overhead for each unit of measure (overhead), The validity period for the overhead, Which object (cost center, process, or order) is credited, and under which cost element in the case of actual postings (credit key)